{"id":97998,"date":"2021-05-28T16:47:48","date_gmt":"2021-05-28T21:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/?p=97998"},"modified":"2021-05-28T18:36:20","modified_gmt":"2021-05-28T23:36:20","slug":"las-aves-marinas-suenan-la-alarma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/ciencia\/las-aves-marinas-suenan-la-alarma\/","title":{"rendered":"Las aves marinas suenan la alarma\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">El declive del \u00e9xito reproductiv<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">o<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0de las aves marinas se corresponde con las tasas de calentamiento marino hemisf\u00e9rico y muestra un cambio\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">m\u00e1s<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0r\u00e1pido en los ecosistema<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s marinos del hemisferio norte<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_98001\" style=\"width: 732px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-98001\" class=\"size-full wp-image-98001\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/files\/2021\/05\/aves-280521.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"722\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/files\/2021\/05\/aves-280521.jpg 722w, https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/files\/2021\/05\/aves-280521-300x166.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-98001\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gaviota Ploma (<em>Larus\u00a0heermanni<\/em>) alimenta a su polluelo con un peque\u00f1o pez pel\u00e1gico en su colonia de anidaci\u00f3n en Isla Rasa, Golfo de California, M\u00e9xico (imagen: Rigoberto Rosas Luis)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Enriqueta Velarde\/ Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquer\u00edas<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">2<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">8<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\/<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">05<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\/20<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">21, Xalapa,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ver.-<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hay una conciencia p\u00fablica creciente de que los oc\u00e9anos del mundo est\u00e1n\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">en crisis debido a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0la sobrepesca y\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">la contaminaci\u00f3n por pl\u00e1sticos<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, dos<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0de los problemas\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u00e1s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">severos y tangibles. Y a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">hora las aves marinas est\u00e1n env<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">iado un mensaje de advertencia<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0acerca de otra grave situaci\u00f3n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sirviendo como traductores del mensaje de las aves marinas, un equipo internacional de 40 cient\u00edficos<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, con la participaci\u00f3n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">de\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Enriqueta Velarde<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0del Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquer\u00edas de la UV, y<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0lider<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ados por Willi<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">am\u00a0Sydeman<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0del Instituto Farall\u00f3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">n en el norte de California,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">el 28 de mayo\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">publica<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ro<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">n sus hallazgos en la revista\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Science<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Los cient\u00edficos han<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">encontrad<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">o<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0que algunas aves marinas\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">luchan<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0por criar a sus polluelos\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">en zonas del<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0planeta\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">que<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0se est\u00e1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0calentando\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u00e1s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0r\u00e1pidamente<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0\u2013<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">en el hemisferio norte.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:708,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Usando\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">datos recabados por\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u00e1s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0de 50 a\u00f1os de 67 especies de aves marinas de todo el mundo, el equipo encontr\u00f3 que el \u00e9xito\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">reproductivo\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">de\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">estas\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">aves que se alimentan de peces\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">en el hemisferio norte ha disminu<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">i<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">do<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">con<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0el tiempo, lo cual significa que\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">cada a\u00f1o reproduc<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">en<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">menos cr\u00edas.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Los autores\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">indic<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">an<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0que\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">l<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">as aves marinas pu<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">den sopor<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ar declives<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0de corto plazo en<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0su \u00e9xito reproductiv<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">o<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, p<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ero cuando\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00e9ste<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0es bajo de forma cr\u00f3nica<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ntonces hay un problema<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:708,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ellos<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0explica<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0que<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0dado que las aves marinas dependen de alimento tal como los peque\u00f1os peces pel\u00e1gicos y\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">el\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">plan<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ton (por\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ej<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">emplo<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">el k<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">rill), los declives de largo plazo de su \u00e9xito\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">reproductivo\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">se\u00f1al<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">an que el recurso alimentario\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">est\u00e1 disminuyendo<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0en los ecosistemas donde la tasa de calentamiento del oc\u00e9ano y otros impactos humanos son\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u00e1s\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">altos.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:708,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Los ec\u00f3logos marinos han equiparado a las aves marinas con el \u201ccanario en la mina\u201d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(a inicios del siglo XX se acostumbraba tener un canario enjaulado en las minas de carb\u00f3n, donde se acumulaba el gas t\u00f3xico de mon\u00f3xido de carb\u00f3n; el ave, al ser mucho m\u00e1s sensible al gas que las personas, enfermaba antes que ellas y daba oportunidad a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">que los mineros escaparan, por lo cual se usan como ejemplo de \u201cespecie centinela\u201d)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Esta sensibilidad se debe a los retos de criar polluelos en sitios espec\u00edficos en tierra (generalmente islas o hielo estacionario), mientras que su\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">fuente<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0alimentaria en el oc\u00e9ano se mueve constantemente.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">M\u00e1s\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a\u00fan, las aves marinas requieren consum<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">i<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">r aproximadamente la mitad de su peso en alimento cuando est\u00e1n criando polluelos,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">de ah\u00ed que\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">la disminuci\u00f3n del alimento debid<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">o<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0al clima y\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">otros factores<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0las hace susceptibles<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Marisol Garc\u00eda-Reyes,\u00a0ocean<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00f3log<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">a\u00a0del Instituto Farall\u00f3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">n, explica que el calentamiento afecta los\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">h\u00e1bitats<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0marinos<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">y la ubicaci\u00f3n de las zonas de temperatur<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0en las cuales abunda el alimento de las aves marinas pueden desplazarse lejos de los sitios de anidaci\u00f3n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">. E<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">s entonces cuando las aves marinas sufren efectos negativos.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">H<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ace menos de una d\u00e9cada se esti<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u00f3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0que\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">un<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0mill\u00f3n de alcas\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">comunes (<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Uria\u00a0aalge<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">muri\u00f3 de hambre\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">en el Pac\u00edfico norte deb<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">i<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">do a una onda c\u00e1lida<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0marina<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0sin precedent<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">s que afect\u00f3 la red tr\u00f3fica.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:708,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">De acuerdo a<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0los autores<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, si bien las ondas c\u00e1lidas pueden producir una dram\u00e1tica mortalidad como\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00e9sta<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, la degradaci\u00f3n de largo plazo de nuestros ecosistemas marinos es un problema a\u00fan\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u00e1s\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">insidioso<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">E<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">nfatiza<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0que las implicaciones del\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">studio se extienden\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">mucho\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u00e1s\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">all\u00e1<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0de las aves marinas.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201cLo que est\u00e1 en juego es<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0tambi\u00e9n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0la salud de las poblacio<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">nes de peces<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0como<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">jureles y pargos, as\u00ed como de mam\u00edferos marinos y grandes invertebrados como el calamar, que se alimentan de los mismos peces pel\u00e1gicos menores y plan<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">c<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ton<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, al igual<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0que las aves marinas. Cuando a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00e9stas<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0no les est\u00e1 yendo bien,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">significa\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">que algo\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">m\u00e1s\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">grande est\u00e1 sucediendo bajo la superficie del\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">oc\u00e9ano<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">, lo\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">cual<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0es preocupante ya que\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">nuestra calidad de vida\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">tambi\u00e9n depende<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">de\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">oc\u00e9anos<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0saludables<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:708,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hace menos de una d\u00e9cada se estim\u00f3 que un mill\u00f3n de alcas comunes (Uria\u00a0aalge) muri\u00f3 de hambre en el Pac\u00edfico norte. Estudiosos alertan de\u00a0una dram\u00e1tica mortalidad como \u00e9sta\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1869,"featured_media":98000,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia","category-banner"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1869"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97998"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98037,"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97998\/revisions\/98037"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/prensa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}